Nicht bekannt, Details Über plastic

Nicht bekannt, Details Über plastic

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Also much of the energy used hinein plastic production is not sustainable energy, for example high temperature from burning fossil gas. However plastics can Grenzwert some methane emissions, for example packaging to reduce food waste.[127]

The plastic industry includes the global production, compounding, conversion and sale of plastic products. Although the Middle East and Russia produce most of the required petrochemical raw materials, the production of plastic is concentrated rein the global East and West. The plastic industry comprises a huge number of companies and can Beryllium divided into several sectors:

Quickly burning plastics at very high temperatures breaks down many toxic components, such as dioxins and furans. This approach is widely used in municipal solid waste incineration. Municipal solid waste incinerators also normally treat the flue gas to decrease pollutants further, which is needed because uncontrolled incineration of plastic produces carcinogenic polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins.

Their biggest single application is hinein packaging, with some 146 million tonnes being used this way in 2015, equivalent to 36% of global production. Due to their dominance; many of the properties and problems commonly associated with plastics, such as pollution stemming from their poor biodegradability, are ultimately attributable to commodity plastics.

Prior to the Montreal Protocol, CFCs had been commonly used rein the manufacture of the plastic polystyrene, the production of which had contributed to depletion of the ozone layer.

Plastics are produced hinein chemical plants by the polymerization of their starting materials (monomers); which are almost always petrochemical in nature. Such facilities are normally large and are visually similar to oil refineries, with sprawling pipework running throughout. The large size of these plants allows them to exploit economies of scale.

Some companies produce biodegradable additives to enhance biodegradation. Although starch powder can be added as a filler to allow some plastics to degrade more easily, such treatment does not lead to complete breakdown. Some researchers have genetically engineered bacteria to synthesize completely biodegradable plastics, such as polyhydroxy butyrate (PHB); however, these were still relatively costly as of 2021.[23]

Additives are chemicals blended into plastics to change their performance or appearance, making it possible to alter the properties of plastics to better suit their intended applications.[31][32] Additives are therefore one of the reasons why plastic is used so widely.

While a finished plastic may be non-toxic, the monomers used rein the manufacture of its parent polymers may Beryllium toxic. In some cases, small amounts of those chemicals can remain trapped hinein the product unless suitable processing is employed.

Hinein 2023, plasticosis, a new disease caused solely by plastics, welches discovered rein seabirds. The birds identified as having the disease have scarred digestive tracts from ingesting plastic waste.

Hazardous molds have been found aboard space stations that degrade rubber into a digestible form.[97]

Microbial communities isolated from soil samples more info mixed with starch have been shown to be capable of degrading polypropylene.[92]

Chemical structures and uses of some common plastics Around 70% of global production is concentrated in six major polymer types, the so-called commodity plastics. Unlike most other plastics these can often be identified by their resin identification code (RIC):

The compounding of thermosetting plastic is relatively straightforward; as it remains liquid until it is cured into its final form. For thermosoftening materials, which are used to make the majority of products, it is necessary to melt the plastic rein order to Potpourri-rein the additives.

Almost all recycling is mechanical and involves the melting and reforming of plastic into other items. This can cause polymer degradation at the molecular level, and requires that waste be sorted by colour and polymer type before processing, which is often complicated and expensive.